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Free Essay on Humanities and Science

With
science as a central component of the human activity, it is useful to divide it into two groups:

  1. Sciences as a set of disciplines exploring nature. The main feature of the sciences is that phenomenal objects of nature are quite simple and stable, they are real and their properties do not depend on human will and action;
  2. Humanities imply the study of the human community, its characteristics and activities.

Humanities are very complex in terms of methodology (many fundamental things may not be checked in practice and are not verifiable at all, as a subject of pseudoscientific and political speculation; humanities study not only phenomenal, but the noumenal things).

However, humanities and sciences do not oppose one another, because in the modern world, they are closely intertwined. It is at the intersection of several disciplines that the most important discovery is made.

It just so happened that the humanities and sciences not only cannot exist together, but are often considered as antipodes. According to the Web of Science database, humanities have a share of (by the most optimistic estimates) up to 8% of publications in the world scientific press. Anyway, their share was small, but in some countries there has been a marked shift towards chemistry and physics, to the detriment of such disciplines as clinical medicine (20.5% of world publications, 4.8% in post-soviet republics), therefore, we cannot talk about a significant emphasis on the humanities in any way.

The fact that non-scientific publications are less focused on humanities researches may be explained by their smaller share compering to the sciences.

However, even among scientists and scientific journalists range of opinions about what should or should there be publications on humanitarian discovery and researches, and if so, how, is very wide. Some of them simply do not realize what new and interesting can be discovered, for example, by modern philosophy, as philosophers and social scientists are becoming more and more like political consultants today. Others consider annoying eternal uncertainty: for example, an article in The New York Times Does Your Language Shape How You Think? that is full of examples of how language affects our perception. However, the approach is far from the depth of, say, Noam Chomsky’s work on universal grammar. The third approach the problem more pragmatically, considering humanitarian publications entertaining reading about psychology, history, archaeology, that is pure infotainment.

Popular science media often unwittingly use the term “science” meaning humanities as well. However, the humanitarian news is actually quite widely reported in scientific press. Simple research tools in sociology, psychology, economics and archaeology have also evolved so that neither journalists nor the readers no longer consider them as purely humanitarian, so it is not surprising to them reported among other scientific studies.

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Research Paper on States of Consciousness

States of consciousness are a temporary state of change in social perception, mental presence, and self-perception. Consciousness can be enhanced or blurred. An altered state of consciousness is often due to an unusual experience, but can also be a sign of somatic disorders, drugs, or a mental disorder.

Consciousness can be changed in the sense that it is limited, as at dusk and tunnel vision, which may be caused by fatigue or loss of consciousness, or it is dreamlike, as during daydreams.

In unusual or unexpected experiences, it is normal that consciousness is changing, with changes associated with emotional experiences, perceptions, and cognitive reactions. In case of danger, it is common that the mind is focused on the danger and that consciousness thereby is enchanced. In shock, on the other hand, the consciousness is clouded, and the person may then fall into unconsciousness, an extreme form of altered state of consciousness, or fell in the state of trance.

Positive experiences can also alter consciousness, for example, love lead to enhanced perception.

Consciousness can also change because of injury or disease in the brain or systemic diseases affecting the central nervous system. It is common for fever, insulin problems (diabetes or hypoglycemia), migraine, epilepsy, concussion, stroke, or hypoxia. Such states frequently sought approval for consuming psychoactive substances to either step up awareness, or to be mentally asleep or absorbed.

Altered states of consciousness are not uncommon for mental health problems or disorders, such as, for example, dissociative disorders, which main symptoms are dissociation. Moreover, serious changes in states of consciousness also occurs in various forms of schizophrenia.

In different religions altered states of consciousness are considered to be common mystical experiences, for example, in the form of extrasensory perception. Other variations include hypnosis, near death experiences and out-of-body experience.

State of human consciousness is determined by a number of interrelated factors. So, the level of human activity depends on the natural successive cycles of waking and sleep states. States of consciousness are also subject to change under the influence of drugs, they also depend on the nature of the signals that come through our sensory organs from the external world. Some signals coming from our mentality such as images stored in our memory also affect our consciousness, with the set of signals determined by the nature of congenital and acquired the requirements.

Modern psychology recognizes two fundamental states of consciousness inherent in all individuals: first and foremost is the sound sleep as a State of relaxation, as well as the state of wakefulness, or active state. Wake is a condition where we can actively adapt to the signals coming from the outside and from within.

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Free Essay on Great Barrier Reef

In the warm waters of the world ocean, there are a large number of coral islets with their lagoons and atolls, as well as the dangerous rocks, which we call the reefs. They are built by micro-coral polyps and are considered their limestone skeletons. The reef area is very impressive, and it often forms a base for some Pacific island states.

In this regard, Great Barrier Reef is the most impressive construction. It is a ridge of coral islands and cays stretching for more than 2300 km off the coast of New Guinea to the eastern coast of the Australian continent in the Coral Sea. This construction is the largest in the world and stretches for a distance of 2500 km from the coast of the continent.

The southern part of the reef is 150 kilometers wide, and in its northern part, the reef is no more than 2 kilometers wide. Scientists assume that the Great Barrier Reef consists of more than 2500 small islets, shoals, and reefs. However, the exact number is not known to anybody anyway, because many of those are only visible during low tide and then after a couple of hours once again are hiding under marine waters. It is therefore considered that the total area of the Great Barrier Reef is 210 thousand square kilometers. Continue reading “Free Essay on Great Barrier Reef”

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Multiculturalism Research Paper

Multiculturalism or cultural diversity is a sociological and cultural theoretical expression with multiple meanings, as described below. As a descriptive term, it refers to a relationship in which several ethnic groups with different cultures come together in the same political unit. Multiculturalism can also refer to ideological social analyses, which in varying degrees affirm cultural origins by a variety of ethnic influences as something good or inevitable. Multiculturalism deals with, among other things, the authorities’ approach to a society with many ethnic backgrounds and tolerance for cultural differences within the same State. The synonyms and related terms to multiculturalism are “ethnic diversity” and “cultural pluralism”.

The term was first used in 1957 to describe Switzerland, but spread throughout the 1960s, particularly in Western Europe and the United States. It is often used to describe societies that carries hints of or comprises many different cultures, for example, because of the immigration. The differences can cause anxiety that the nation should lose its identity, but there are also cultural exchanges that give advantages to the various factions. For example, it could be about new influences in art, literature and philosophy, as well as free improvisation of music styles, clothing styles and cuisine. Continue reading “Multiculturalism Research Paper”

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Research Paper on Standardized Tests

Standardized testing is an evaluation tool, the purpose of which is to measure and evaluate the performance of students in relation to the other students participating in the same test. Such tests are generally issued by specialized institutions (e.g., College Board). They test training and development level through the challenging and extensive process, whereby great emphasis is made on the complexity of the tests and their subsequent systematic evaluation. Before being put into practice, all of the tests are verified and documented thoroughly.

This ensures that the properties of the tests and their parameters are always exactly defined and known in advance. The manual is usually a part of the standardized tests, from which the user learns about the properties of the test and its proper use. There is also a test standard, according to which the evaluation of performances is done. Standardized tests are often used to measure the results of teaching for longer periods of time and are used predominantly for repeated measurements in a large number of pupils and students.

We can divide the tests in such category as: Continue reading “Research Paper on Standardized Tests”

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Essay on Women and Minorities in Psychology

Some phenomena appear to escape human reason to the point that it seemed to assign them to magical forces. These include the ease with which the men are persuaded to change their design and their perception of reality and their behaviour, and also the readiness with which they adopt, as if under a hypnosis effect, opinions which, the day before, were completely unrelated and which were suggested by a group, the mass media or a character with power or prestige.

It is also surprising that, despite the enormous pressure that the company exercises to compel individuals to conform to the general model, minorities and deviants not only resist it, but even manage to create new ways to live, think and act, thereby forcing the majority to accept theirs.

These phenomena of influence, once the domain of speculation, are now studied scientifically in laboratory. This essay presents women and minorities in psychology. Continue reading “Essay on Women and Minorities in Psychology”

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Polyamory Research Paper

Polyamory (from Greek ????, poly, many, or several, and the Latin amor, love) is a practice, desire, or ability to multiple simultaneous love relationships, with the consent of all involved. Polyamory differs from polygamy, which is marriage between a number of parties.

Those who practice polyamory emphasize love and emotional connection to all those they are with. They look at love as a feeling that just gets stronger the more you know it, rather than have a special love relationship that is shared between two people. They believe that every relationship is different and you cannot replace someone you love just because you also start to love someone else.

In practical terms, there are countless variations, from having multiple partners or to be in relation with married couple where both have other partners to three or more people who love each other and live together. Continue reading “Polyamory Research Paper”

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Research Paper on Conspiracy Theories

A conspiracy theory (from the Latin “conspirare” meaning breathing together) is a hypothesis or theory about a conspiracy or plot. Often the term is used in the pejorative sense, but can also refer to factual hypotheses about actual combinations.

It is common to use the term in the pejorative sense of the word. Usually the story involves a group of powerful or influential individuals or institutions. These people are often assumed to have vast resources at their disposal and working in secret to achieve economic or political power or other benefits. Typically, however, there are a number of people, conspiracy theorists, who see it as their mission to uncover the truth for the unknowing public and feel constantly under threat of being muzzled because of their knowledge.

The widely known and persistent conspiracy theories in the modern era, which is widely considered to be groundless, are the moon landing conspiracy and the circumstances surrounding the Kennedy assassination in the 1960s. Many conspiracy theories are also applicable to major events in world history and are explained by the conspirators behind the scenes manipulating and staged political events. Continue reading “Research Paper on Conspiracy Theories”

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Essay on Indigo Children

If ordinary human beings feel reassured by the “categorization” and membership in defined groups, children called Indigo are simply terrified to have another “label,” whatever that is. They were in turn called Indigo children, children of Oz, Crystal children, or children of the sixth Ray. They said to be the ‘new’ children, children of the ‘new land’, ‘New world’.

However, a child who is born with indigo colored energy field doesn’t need to be told that, it already knows!
All these children said to constitute the majority of the world’s population born since the beginning of the 1990s: they know who they are. Not that they don’t need anyone else around them, it is just they do not have the need to define socially the world that surrounds them. They know that the reality which surrounds us is not limited to what our five senses are able to perceive, but that we are part of a broader universe, invisible, which encompasses and affects every moment of our destiny. Continue reading “Essay on Indigo Children”

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LGBT Research Paper

LGBT is an abbreviation, which primarily stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, but occasionally is also used as a noun, then also within the meaning of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender person/persons.” Another option is less frequent abbreviation GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender), which can be distinguished less of a feminist by the fact that the word lesbian went up to the second place.

There are also similar abbreviations, but having different content:

  • GLB = “gay, Lesbian and bisexual” (occasionally used as noun)
  • LGB = “lesbian, gay, and bisexual” (occasionally used as noun)
  • LGBTQ = “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer” (occasionally used as noun)
  • LGBTI = “lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersexual” (occasionally used as noun)
  • LGBTIQ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersexual and queer” (occasionally used as noun)

Continue reading “LGBT Research Paper”