Category: Essays

Is
it important to encourage teachers with the help of merit pay? How performance-related pay influence the quality of work? In my opinion, merit pay is extremely important for the increase of an employee’s performance. When one knows that he is able to receive a reward for his high-quality performance, he will try to work better. Furthermore, he will be able to work longer. Such a person is interested in her self-development and improvement of her professionalism, because her hard work provides her with the definite profit. I guess that teachers should be encouraged in the same way. I will try to prove my point of view with the help of the solid arguments.

Merit pay is based on the specific structure and principles of work of the human psychology. It does not worth mentioning that the quality of work and human performance depend on the reward. The absolute number of people would not work if they had their stable income. When one receives extra money for his successful performance, he will try to work better in order to get more money. To my mind, this encouragement is very effective, because it improves the quality of work. When we speak about education, we should say that this aspect is very important there. When a teacher is interested in teaching, students gain high-quality knowledge. Doubtless, a teacher will not work hard for the low salary, because this occupation is very difficult and consumes plenty of time and efforts. Teaching career affects nerves and deprives you from your personal life. Consequently, very few teachers are ready to work for nothing. Every smart person requires a reward for her performance. A teacher is not an exception. He should be encouraged and rewarded systematically.

There are many examples, which prove that merit pay influences the quality of work seriously. For example, the Teacher Advancement Program is a specific system, which works in many American schools. The teachers of these schools receive their salary regarding their performance. Naturally, this program was a simple experiment at first. The experts wanted to check whether these teachers improve their work if they get more money for their efforts. The results of this experiment were quite predictable. The number of the below-basic-level students reduced considerably. The teachers of these schools managed to invent new techniques and personal approach towards every student. They explained their material better and their lessons became more understandable to students. Moreover, the teachers began respecting and praising their job. It is the best solution of the problem of employee turnover. They no longer give up their job with the aim of finding a more lucrative occupation. I suppose, this approach is very useful, because teachers provide children with the better knowledge and they improve their teaching skills and professionalism simultaneously. Consequently, a school obtains professional staff and improves its performance rate, which makes it popular and prestigious within the borders of the entire state. Such schools obtain grants and benefits from the state budget.

Of course, there is a big disadvantage of merit pay. This policy requires much money. Every school, which practices performance-related pay, should possess solid funding in order to provide their teachers with high salaries. Most often, these schools have to spend their entire grants to cover the expenditures on this program. Consequently, very few schools are able to embody the policy of merit pay. They require support of the state or local organizations, which are ready to donate money to education.

Merit pay is a very interesting topic for discussion. One can observe it from the side of psychology and economy. In my opinion, merit pay is the best encouragement, because it improves the performance of every employee. Teachers deserve this payment for their hard work and devotion. On the other, hand, this program is very expensive and very few schools can afford it.

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What
is consumerism? Have you ever thought about the nature of consumerism? Why do people purchase and consume the things, which they do not actually need? These questions are quite relevant and important nowadays. The rates of consumerism have increased recently and I want to analyze the cause and effect of this phenomenon. I would like to observe the issue of consumerism from the point of view of several categories and disciplines.

Consumerism is one of the economic policies, which emphasize the importance of consumption for the development of the human civilization. Consumerism is a delicate issue. I will try to start my analysis from the side of economy. The development of every firm depends on the rates of production and sale. When a company sells a lot, its revenue increases rapidly. It accumulates much money and spends it on self-development and self-improvement. A smart entrepreneur spends this money on the creation of other firms and development of the additional production.

Naturally, it is impossible to improve the rates of production if nobody buys your product. If you want to sell your product, you ought to persuade your potential customers in the quality and importance of your goods and services. Consequently, consumers are hooked with the help of advertisements and they buy your products eagerly. They do not actually need your goods and services but they still purchase them. As you see, the development of a firm is impossible without the constant consumption of its products. When you manufacture something, you need a customer who will buy your products. I should say that business provokes the increase of consumerism in the society.

One can say that consumerism is the result of globalization. Big business is represented by numerous international corporations, which make money manufacturing their products and selling them in many countries. It does not worth mentioning that an international corporation exists due to the enormous rates of sale of its goods and services. If it wants to make more money, it should attract more consumers. Consequently, big business causes consumerism and increases its rates.

When we look at the issue of consumerism from the side of history, we will see that it is a brand new phenomenon. Consumerism is closely connected with capitalism, which had its birth in the second part of the 19th century. The first manufacturers revealed the secret of mass production and started the engine of consumerism in the industrial countries. With the run of time, many companies improved their facilities and founded their plants and factories in different parts of the world. It helped them produce their goods massively.

Everybody knows that consumerism is a controversial phenomenon. On the one hand, it stimulates the economy of every country. On the other hand, it can cause crisis and pressure on the natural environment. Everyone has heard about the problem of overproduction. Many companies produced so many goods that they could not sell them. When such things happen, crisis is irreversible. When we hear the term consumerism, we think about the ecological problems. Corporations increase pressure on the natural environment in order to obtain enough resources for production. For example, they extract oil, natural gas, coal; cut wood and pollute rivers and oceans for the production of their goods and services. No wonder, such issues as deforestation and pollution are associated with consumerism.

Consumerism is closely connected with the mass culture and psychology. When a human being sees that a product is popular, she will purchase it too. The popularity of a product affects the vulnerable human psychology and makes people buy the items they do not need. Modern people buy new computers, though their old ones are in good working order. They see the advertisements of the new models of clothes, furniture or smartphones and decide to purchase them, because they are trendy.

In conclusion, consumerism is a delicate and thought-provoking controversial topic. One can find a range of positive and negative sides of this phenomenon.

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Have
ever thought about the consequences of driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs? Do you know how many accidents occur because of the irresponsible behavior of drunk drivers? Why do people decide to drive when they are drunk? Doubtless, the problem of drunk driving is very relevant. Millions of accidents occur because of the harmful behavior of the drivers who have decided to drive their vehicle being drunk. It does not worth mentioning that such careless people cause harm to their health. Moreover, they become the cause of the terrible accidents, which steal dozens of human lives. I want to observe the issue on drunk driving in detail in order to understand the roots of this phenomenon. Continue reading “Sample Essay about Drunk Drivers”

Have
you ever thought about the meaning of the term “freedom“? In my opinion, freedom is an abstract category, which is characterized with the opportunity of doing everything you want if it does not cause harm to other people. Freedom cannot be described in simple words, because this term contains many deep meanings. Different people understand freedom in various ways.

Someone thinks that freedom is the right to walk in any place he wants. Another one says that freedom is the right to say everything he wants without the fear on being punished. Finally, one can say that freedom is the right to choose the government in the discreet way. But what is freedom? Let us observe this issue in detail.

To my mind, freedom is the right to do and speak everything you want if it does not limit the rights and freedoms of other people. There are many countries where there is no freedom. People cannot criticize their government and cannot express their opinion on public. When they say something different from the official opinion of the state, they are punished. Such people can be fined or even imprisoned. Some countries practice capital punishment for such things. Doubtless, these people do not have any freedoms and solid rights.

When I hear the term “freedom”, I understand that I have the freedom of choice. It is easy to understand the meaning of freedom on the example of elections. When there are several political parties, which have the same chances for victory, it is freedom. If you can take part in elections and compete with other candidates, it is freedom. When a party can act in the discreet way without the pressure of the government, it is freedom. Everybody knows that it is impossible to be an honest and noble politician in the developing countries. Such politicians are closely connected with criminals, drug trafficking, etc. Such states are characterized with corruption. Naturally, a common sincere politician will not be able to change the existing situation for the better. He cannot act in the way he wants. Moreover, he can be murdered for the different manner of thinking.

Freedom is the right to open your own business. Nearly every smart and ambitious person dreams about her own firm, which will produce different goods and services. I believe that it is impossible to open a small workshop or a store in the third world country, which suffers from corruption.

Healthy economy is based on healthy competition. When there is no competition, there is no freedom. I would like to establish my own company, which will manufacture customized bikes. If I dared to open a firm of this kind in the country where there is no freedom, I would fail. There are always two of three companies, which have conquered the entire market of custom bikes. I would not have any chances for prosperity if I worked in these conditions. “Free countries” provide people with wide opportunities of opening their own business. They help people reveal their potential for the good of the domestic economy. Free countries are always rich and prosperous, because every citizen can open his small business. He pays taxes and fills the state budget with money. In this case, freedom is closely connected with money.

Finally, freedom is the right to say “no”. If you do not agree with decision of the government, you can say “no” and protest. You will not be punished for your personal subjective opinion.

Consequently, freedom is the right to express your opinion aloud without the fear of imprisonment or violence from the side of the state.

Freedom is an abstract category, which provides you with wide opportunities. On the other hand, you ought to understand that your actions and ideas must not violate the law and cause harm to the surrounding people.

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Sports
competition is supposed to be the fairest competition, because sportsmen have equal chances for victory. Unfortunately, sports and drugs are interconnected nowadays. Sportsmen decide to take various drugs in order to improve their dexterity, endurance and strength. When a sportsman is under the effect of drugs, he is able to win a competition easier. Drugs make his muscles work well and he can run faster and longer. Naturally, every sportsman starts his career at school. School competitions can be called the first experience of every novice sportsman. Young people are able to demonstrate their talents and skills and think about sports seriously. Obviously, all sportsmen are equal. Consequently, every sportsman should have to take drug tests. Does this issue touch upon school athletes? This question is very controversial and has its pros and cons.

Many people say that students should not have to take drug tests, because it violates their rights. Moreover, people do not think that students can take drugs to win a competition. They believe that young people are too innocent and fair to behave in this way. From the psychological point of view, it is not reasonable to ask students to take drug tests. In addition, their parents can protest against this procedure. When a student is asked to take a drug test, it can influence his character. A talented young sportsman can lose his confidence, because judges do not believe in his professionalism. Of course, these arguments are weak, but they have the right for existence. Naturally, this procedure is unpleasant and delicate. When a sportsman is asked to take a drug test, he understands that his talents and professional skills are questioned.

In my opinion, school athletes have to take drug tests, because they should get used to the rules of professional sports. If they want to connect their life with sports, they should learn to face its unpleasant sides. Every sportsman should take drug tests if he wants everyone to believe in his honesty. It is a natural procedure and one should not be afraid of it. Doubtless, important competitions are connected with money. Consequently, every sportsman will do his best to win this money. Many sportsmen will agree to take drugs for their own advantage. If we want to have fair sports competitions, we should make sportsmen take drug tests. Young students should take these tests too.

It is a mistake to think that young people do not take drugs for personal advantage. I should say that they are inexperienced and they do not understand what they are doing. Very often, students take drugs but they do not think about consequences. They believe that they live here and now and they do not think about fairness. Moreover, they do not know about the negative impact of drugs on their health. Therefore, if we want to teach young people to behave in the proper way, we should be strict. When a school athlete fails this test, it is still possible to help him build his successful career. If a young sportsman realizes that he should compete fairly, he will not make such mistakes in future. In this case, we should punish young athletes to train their character and will.

Students should take drug tests, because people require fair sports competitions. If we want to bring up fair and talented athletes, we should treat them seriously. They should train appropriately in order to be able to win various competitions without drugs. Finally, they should be ready to take drug tests then their victory is questioned.

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There
is hardly a person in the world who has not heard about Facebook. Facebook is believed to be the most popular social networking service in the world that helps people from different countries communicate with one another. When you want to find friends abroad, you are able to create an account in Facebook. You ought to develop your personal home page in order to make it interesting to others. You are able to communicate with your friends, exchange photos and videos and get to know about the life of your favorite celebrities. Facebook is more than a simple social networking service. It embraces everything that is connected with information. You are able to find entertainment, communication, useful information about education, business, politics, sports, music, cinematography, etc. Moreover, you are able to share important moments of your life with friends on your timeline. When you feel bored, you are free to play simple games that can help you kill time.

Evidently, Facebook has been the most popular social networking service since its creation. Every day thousands of people created their accounts in Facebook. The absolute number of active Facebook users is higher than a billion now. No wonder, Facebook is called a global service that embraces people from all corners of the world. Naturally, every celebrity, music band, artist, writer, etc. needs a personal account on Facebook in order to advertise his/her activity. Facebook is not just a means of communication. It is a means of business and marketing. Every solid company needs to possess a Facebook account to promote its goods and services. It is a part of social marketing. When a singer creates his Facebook account, he informs users about his new songs at a moment’s notice. Consequently, he promotes his new product and makes money without any expenditure. He needs to share a link with his new song and wait till his fans purchase it. Facebook provides people with the most important opportunity to follow their idols in the real time.

However, many people speak about the reduction of popularity of Facebook. There are several reasons of this problem. Many people lose interest towards social networking services, because they grow up and do not have time and need for online communication. They delete their accounts or leave a very narrow circle of online friends. They do not need to show off and boast with their achievements or events with others. Consequently, they log in rarely and use Facebook as a means of information or business. Other people decide to quit, because they have found other social networking services that meet their requirements. Some people find Facebook overloaded with information and they choose Instagram or Skype for simple communication. Other users think that their opportunities are limited in Facebook and they look for other services of this kind. Many people have decided to delete their accounts because of bullying and viruses. It does not worth mentioning that many hackers attack mass audience with the help of harmful links placed on Facebook. There are people who entertain themselves offending other online surfers. Such online trolls cause psychological harm to children and vulnerable people posting provocative content or writing offensive comments.

Frankly speaking, all mentioned factors touch upon every social networking service. Every service loses active clients because of these factors; and Facebook is not an exception. But nevertheless, if Facebook wants to maintain its popularity, it should develop all the time. New opportunities and options should be introduced in order to meet requirements of the new generation of sophisticated and demanding online surfers.

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What
is a superpower? It is a state that has the biggest economic, political and military influence in the world. It is a country that has economic dominance on the international arena. It is a country that produces more products, services, energy and resources than any other state in the world. Consequently, it is a state with the most developed economy.

When we speak about the first part of the 20th century, we can mention three leading economic superpowers: the British Empire, The USA and the USSR. These three countries were the engines of the human civilization. After World War 2 the British Empire lost its influence and the world became divided into two sides. The first side was influenced by the USA and the second – by the USSR. This period was called the Cold War. However, very soon it was evident that the USSR could not compete with the USA, because of its out-of-date approach towards economy. The country failed to implement its vital reforms and got lost in the pages of history. Therefore, the USA became a single leading economic superpower in the world. Continue reading “Essay: What is the Leading Economic Superpower in the World?”

Failure and success are two interconnected phenomena that characterize human life. Naturally, our life consists of positive and dark sides that interchange one another. One must not think that failure is a tragedy, because every failure is a part of his experience. When you experience failures, you will appreciate your success more.

Every sphere of human life is a constant progress. People work hard to reach their goal. Obviously, when one starts his educational process, he will not be able to learn information and develop his knowledge rapidly. There will be many failures and complications that can seem unbearable to young people. In spite of it, everyone will train his basic skills and will succeed in his educational process. Then, when one establishes a firm, he should know that his business would not run smoothly all the time. He will need to overcome difficulties if he wants to improve the quality of his business. There is always a risk of bankruptcy or reduction of sales. A smart entrepreneur will treat these risks as a good opportunity for further development and reorganization of his firm. He should understand that he has made a mistake that has caused reduction of sales. He will remember it and will change his approach towards business. Consequently, he will become stronger and experienced. He will not make the same mistake again and will understand his occupation better.

When one looks through a biography of a famous personality, he will notice a great number of dark and unhappy sides there. The richest people of our time built their careers from the ground. They took many efforts to master the appropriate skills and knowledge that could help them develop themselves. Every famous person failed but she found strength to continue this complicated process of self-improvement. Many people think that failure is the end of everything and they stop working hard.

One must not give up, because failure is always substituted by success. You should be patient, industrious and ambitious and your dreams will come true.

All human problems are caused by the lack of self-confidence and ambitiousness. When one loves his job or activity, he will devote enough time to self-improvement in order to be the best in his favorite occupation. He will treat failure as a good lesson and will keep it in mind to avoid making the same mistake twice.

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The Nicomachean Ethics is probably dedicated to the father or the son of Aristotle, who wore both this name. This treaty decribes what is the good ruler. It is also saying how to reach happiness. Aristotle examines the different ways of life and gives us beautiful reflections on friendship and justice.

Aristotle begins by giving his famous definition of good, as what is an objective at any circumstance. All research and action, all science and all art tends towards its own good.

The good is thus an objective, and as there are different actions or research, there are different objectives. For example, health is the objective of the medicine and the victory the objective of the strategy.

There is a hierarchy of sciences: the particular sciences are subordinated to a master science (or architectural). For example, the science of horses and weapons are subject to military science.

Similarly, there is a hierarchy of objectives: some are intended for certain objectives, which in turn for other objectives, etc.

But there must be a supreme objective because otherwise you lose in the infinite and our intentions will be deprived of their content and become pointless.

Since the good is an objective, the supreme objective is the supreme good. If we manage to grasp what it is, we will know what to do.

Two questions appear: of what nature is this good? And what science gives it?

For Aristotle, it is the political science, which is sovereign, as it organizes all the others, because it determines what will be the sciences that will be taught in the city. The policy, does it not legislate with the objective to continue the State? Thus, the good of the State is greater than the individual good of every citizen: the good is certainly desirable when it is a particular individual we are talking about, but it is far more beautiful and more divine when it applies to a people or a whole state.

The science that is intended to study the supreme good is therefore political science. And thus, Aristotle calls the Nicomachean ethics a treaty on political science.

This science is not yet characterized by an absolute degree of certainty. Indeed, one must realize that various disciplines do not have the same degree of precision: the beautiful and just have very different interpretations and so likely the errors that they have appear to be by law and not by an effect of nature.

Aristotle takes the example of wealth, to show the extent of such differences: wealth can save the life of a man, but can also cause the death of another. This type of situation makes it very problematic formulation of absolute truth.

It is therefore only general truths that is valid in most cases: when one speaks only general facts and consequences, conclusions can only be general.

Identify the degree of accuracy expected of a science is the sign of a refined man. It would be awkward to expect of a mathematician a probable reasoning and of a rhetorician a scientific demonstrations.

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Sperm donation: why is it so difficult?

Parentage, sexuality, moral… Sperm donation is facing many psychological problems, which explain that there are sometimes shortages.

“I read an article in the journal, and the idea of giving my sperm began to make its way, even if initially people laughed when I talked about it. Then, my brother and my sister-in-law faced the problem of sterility, examinations and treatments.

It was a very difficult period for them, and it made me well aware of the chance to have children. The opportunity to be a donor to a couple wishing a baby more than anything then appeared for me of none-importance”, says a father who jumped into sperm donation.

Sperm donation: a worthy act, totally free. Obvious for some, totally inconceivable for others. “Unless you have been personally confronted in your entourage to infertility problems, I think not many men feel concerned by the giving their sperm.”, says Guillaume. If it was just question of generosity, things would indeed be simpler…

The test of the semen analysis
A few figures…
In 2009, 400 men donated their sperm. The Medical Assistance with Procreation with sperm donation has enabled the birth of 1 100 babies and 2300 couples were waiting for a gift.

Inconvenience, embarrassment, shame… These are the words mentioned by men passed through the test of the sperm analysis, examination, which tests the fertility of the potential donor. And his manhood at the same time.

The fear of disease also comes into play. “Some men may fear that we discover things they did not want to know. It is one reason, unspoken, which may constitute a brake on the sperm donation,” notes Dominique Regnault, psychologist at CECOS in Reims. Men, while being fruitful, can have genetic diseases in their family. For others, the sperm cannot withstand the freezing and thawing process. Information that, without calling into question the fertility, can also hurt the ego.

The taboo of sexuality
As any human element, sperm donation is framed by the law of 6 August 2004 on bioethics, recalling 3 legal principles: anonymous, free, and consent.

Who can give his sperm? The man must be father of at least one child, be healthy, be less than 45 years of age and have the agreement of his companion.

Whom is this sperm for? Sperm donation address married couples who cannot have children because the man suffers from a major infertility or risk of disease transmission.

The nature of the collected product – semen, liquid of sexual pleasure – but also due to its mode of collection – masturbation – sperm donation is inseparable of sexuality… and all its taboos.

“The need to resort to masturbation can be a problem. In our society, masturbation is forbidden. In general, one is able to overcome such a prohibition, but in conditions of privacy. However, when a man comes to be donor, we know what he will do in the small room”, explains Dominique Regnault. A reality that does not fail to lead to derision, as evidenced by the number of film scenes parodying this collection, but also word games that are abound on the internet as soon as the subject is discussed. Humor, which introduces a setting on a subject, which, for a few of us, is uncomfortable.

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