Scientific Revolution Research Paper

Scientific revolution refers to the period of establishing modern science paradigm during the early modern period, when the discoveries in such sciences as mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including anatomy), and chemistry, radically changed the knowledge on nature and society. According to traditional views, scientific revolution begun in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance and continued until the end of the 18th century, influencing such intellectual movement, as the Age of Enlightenment.

While there is no single opinion about the exact dates of this period, the publishing in 1543 of Nicolaus Copernicus’s book The Rotation of Celestial Spheres and Andreas Vesalius’ The Structure of The Human Body (the same year), usually referred to as events, initiating the scientific revolution.

Sometimes the term “scientific revolution” refers to other periods in history, in which, thanks to the creation of entirely new scientific theories the view on the world has been radically changed. Continue reading “Scientific Revolution Research Paper”

The Battle of Stalingrad Essay

Battle of Stalingrad is the largest land battle in the history of mankind, which, along with the battle of Kursk, became a turning point in the Second World War, after which the German troops finally lost their strategic initiative.

As a result of the Soviet troops counterattack at Stalingrad 6th German fascist army and 4th Panzer army, the Romanian 3th and 4th armies and 8th Italian army were defeated.

During the battle of Stalingrad, lasted for 200 days and nights, the fascist block lost 25% of its applicable forces on the Soviet-German front at that time.

The victory at Stalingrad had a large military and political importance. It made a huge contribution to the achievement of a radical turn in the war and had a decisive influence on the future course of the Second World War. Continue reading “The Battle of Stalingrad Essay”

Research Paper on Sex Crimes

Sex crime is any act of a sexual nature without consent. UK criminal law (Criminal Justice act, 1991) allows courts to impose long terms of imprisonment, if the person committed sexual crime constitutes a danger to the public. As a rule, such crimes are committed by male individuals.

Sex crime (sexual violence, child sexual abuse in the family) is participation of one or more persons in sexual activity against their will, regardless of their age, gender, or origin, when at least one of them is unable to appreciate the nature of the activities to which he is conscripted, or cannot give informed consent for this activity.

The phenomenon of sexual crime is common in many societies and in all social groups. As a rule, male individuals are violators, and the victims are predominantly women and girls, while boys more rarely become victims of such crimes. According to the latest studies, women can also be guilty of sexual abuse, but such cases are relatively rare. It is known that domestic violence is often accompanied by sexual abuse. Continue reading “Research Paper on Sex Crimes”

Essay on Getting Good Grades

How to improve your academic performance? How to get good grades? How to forget about C, D, and F during a semester? Here are the main questions that simply needed to be answered. And the interesting thing is there is the answers. There are plenty of white, grey, and black tricks using which you can fix your grades and that’s not counting the diligent learning. But I must say that I will divide all the questions in two groups: “how to learn better” and “how to get good grades or even fix bad ones without putting too much efforts.” Of course, I strongly recommend the first option, it works perfectly and you will benefit from the knowledge you will get from learning. That is why you came to college, right? On this, I’ll write here. Oh, and how to fix your grade, using all sorts of tricks we’ll talk in another essay on getting good grades, without putting too much efforts.”

Learning is a skill. First, we must learn how to learn, and only then learn the rest. Here are the rules following which you will be able to do all your (of course not all, but some) homework, understand given material (well again, at a level it should be understood, but not too deep), pass all the tests with at least B in your pocket, and generally learn better. Continue reading “Essay on Getting Good Grades”

Video Game Design Research Paper

Video game design means development of video game. Video game development involves two companies, one of which is the developer and the other is publisher. Developer is the company, which directly creates a game and in general is completely focused on the technical component of the development process.

The entire video game industry is conditionally divided into two parts: large companies and indie developers. The large companies publish AAA games, which are aimed at a wide audience and meet the needs of a very large number of people (a kind of pop products, however, of a very high quality); the indie developers are developing low-cost game and sell it themselves.

The simplest games are created for 2-3 months, while complex projects can take a couple of years. There are as well the so-called never-ending projects developed for nearly 10 years. Only very few large company can survive without selling for so long, and even only when there is unfading interests to the project from the investors. Continue reading “Video Game Design Research Paper”

Research Paper on Transgender Children

The prevalence of transgender children and concerns that it causes in society led to the development of the diagnosis and assessment system.

According to the DSM-IV, gender identity disorder is diagnosed when there are four or more of the following symptoms:

  • repeated affirmation (persisting) about the child own affiliation to the opposite sex;
  • boys prefer to dress in women’s clothes or simulate the female style of dress; girls: insists on wearing only a stereotypically men’s wear;
  • in role play and fantasies: strong and sustainable preference of the opposite sex role;
  • a strong desire to participate in games and activities typical of the opposite sex;
  • noticeable preference to play with the children of the opposite sex.

The DSM-IV also states that to the age 18-20 about three-quarters of boys having in childhood gender identity disorder report being homosexual or bisexual, but without gender identity disorder. Most of the remaining respondents report their heterosexuality without gender identity disorders. Some teens and young adults identify themselves with opposite gender and seek sex reassignment surgery, while others continue to live in the state of gender confusion and dysphoria.

Among , psychologists and psychotherapists there is no consensus on definition of cross-gender behaviour in children. The International Association for the study of gender dysphoria, however, has published a guide, according to which this diagnosis made in childhood persist into adolescence and later only in about 1% of cases.

3-4% of total population of children demonstrate significant cross-gender behavior. Very few of those who are diagnosed gender identity disorder in childhood grow up to become transgendered. Quite often such children grow up to become gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Studies show that a large percentage (80-70%) of gays showed during their childhood a cross-gender behavior on a scale sufficient for the diagnosis of gender identity disorder.

Work aiming at protection and support of transgender children and young people, leads to reduced levels of anxiety and stress, which first arose as a reaction to unusual forms of gender expression. Improving communication and interaction, all the parties involved in the situation came to better understanding of their own gender and resulted in increased awareness of gender problems occurring.

The international gender scene still holds the old idea of transgenderism, coupled with the belief that hormone therapy, and surgery may be needed to resolve the issue. However, in addition to these, there are new ideas about gender and new forms of its expression. In particular, fewer people decided to radically change their sex, while other, less dichotomous, forms of preferred gender expression are becoming more common. More and more people are realizing that the gender identification may last for years, decades, and sometimes for life.

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Unsafe Abortion Research Proposal

Unsafe abortion is a procedure that is aimed to stop pregnancy in the improper conditions by an amateur physicist. Nowadays, when a woman wants to terminate her pregnancy, she is able to apply for help at a physicist who will do this operation in the safest and professional way. Unfortunately, the problem of abortion is very delicate and it requires its own original approach.

Some young women are afraid of informing their parents about abortion or they avoid doing it officially in order to prevent informing their family doctors about this decision. As a result, many women decide to do unsafe abortion asking amateurs and unskillful third people for help. Obviously, many women also conduct this operation, because it is cheaper. Unsafe abortions are quite widespread among young women all over the world, especially in the countries where abortion is a crime. Of course, women are deprived of their right to terminate their pregnancy in the regular conditions, so the single way out is to do it under assistance of an amateur. Continue reading “Unsafe Abortion Research Proposal”

Essay on Advantages of University Education

What are the advantages of University education?

People often ask me the question, starting from the beginning of the September. Indeed, what it is like to study here? Of course, I cannot answer that question until I have experienced all the nuances of the first session, but some changes are already visible in comparison with high school. After asking some fellow students and putting their views and feelings together, I have highlighted the following points:

Our University teachers’ attitude is completely different from those from my high school. Each of them has different approach to engage us in his subject. You are treated as an entirely adult, responsible person, which is something I always wanted so much and had not enough at school. No teacher will spoon-feed you material or care if your work-book is in a proper condition. All these are your problems and yours only. You can chose the class to attend and you can even miss it deliberately. However, you have to remember that when you are dropped after could not pass an examination at the end of the semester because you missed some lectures it as well is only your problem. At the University, they treat us as adults, so it is for us to make adult decisions whether we need all these lectures or not. Continue reading “Essay on Advantages of University Education”

Religion and Terrorism Term Paper

Religion and terrorism is a connection between terroristic actions and their religious background. It does not worth mentioning that religious issues have always been the main cause of military conflicts between different nations and cultures and these conflicts still occur nowadays. Every day there are cases when representatives of different religious organizations murder one another committing terroristic acts that kill a great number of random people. The most negative side of religious terrorism is that its victims are innocent people who often do not participate in any religious conflicts.

Religious terrorists choose the most crowded places for their terroristic acts in order to kill as many people as possible.

Therefore, such places as supermarkets, metro stations, markets, etc. are supposed to be the most dangerous places for everyone.

In addition, terrorists practise transport terrorism stealing and destroying buses and planes with passengers. Most often, such cases finish with death of many innocent people. Terrorists are ready to sacrifice their own life for the sake of their religious views. It is obvious that religious terrorism is closely connected with such problems as anarchism or nationalism and radicalism. Terrorists prefer persuading other people that their religion is better with the help of weapon and fear. Continue reading “Religion and Terrorism Term Paper”

Short Essay on Consequences of War

Belligerents are in a state of war when the political and military leadership of the armed confrontation participants remove the limits for using its armed forces and suitable weapons. Generally, the armed forces receive an order to start fighting.

State of war entails a number of legal consequences, an end to diplomatic and other relations between the warring states, the termination of treaties, etc. For example, all treaties between Japan and Russia on the delimitation of the Islands (Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands), in the 19th century, lost power in the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905, so any references to them in our time are not proper.

The war can end with unconditional surrender of one of the warring parties or by peace agreement partially satisfying the parties involved. In any case, the war ends with peace, which is usually defined as the absence of war or removed contradictions between warring states.

Up until the 19th century, wars had relatively narrow economic base and were made, as a rule, by few professional armies. From the second half of the 19th century and especially from the twentieth century war requires enormous exertion of the warring parties and involving multimillion-dollar mass of people in the long fighting. If a military conflict involves many countries, the conflict is called the world war. In the First World War, more than 70 million people were involved. In the World War II, it was about 110 million. Continue reading “Short Essay on Consequences of War”